Promoting knowledge translation: An ecosystem approach to evidence in health.

The dissemination and implementation of evidence in health contexts have been a concern of several international organizations responsible for recommending actions to health policymakers. World Health Organization has been advocating for an ecosystem of evidence to improve clinical practice and health professional education. Thus, in this article, we address the challenges to developing the evidence ecosystem from the point of view of health professional education, considering the contexts of practice and teaching, focused on knowledge translation. There are three pivotal challenges: producing qualified knowledge; adequate communication of the synthesized evidence; and institutional policy to sustain the implemented evidence in continuous and updated flow. The evidence ecosystem helps to understand these flows between the production and implementation of knowledge, based on the capacity and resources of different health systems. It needs to be developed in the field of health professional education, feedback in the contexts of practice and teaching, to contribute to third-generation knowledge being used by different users of health services.

Acesso de familiares aos conhecimentos para cuidar em casa de criança com gastrostomia: Estudo qualitativo / Family caregivers' access to pediatric gastrostomy home care education: A qualitative study / Acceso de los cuidadores familiares a los conocimientos sobre cómo cuidar en casa a un niño con gastrostomía: Estudio cualitativo

Resumo Enquadramento: Conhecimento de familiares cuidadores sobre a gestãodo cuidado de crianças com gastrostomia no processo de cuidar. Objetivo: Analisar o acesso de familiares cuidadores a conhecimentos sobre como cuidar de crianças com gastrostomia em casa. Metodologia: Aplicado a dinâmica corpo-saber do método criativo sensível, com10 familiares de lactentes e pré-escolares, em internamento. Estudo realizado entre junho e dezembro de 2019, em um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Utilizou-se a análise lexical, do software Iramuteq®. Resultados: Cuidadores acederam a duas fontes de conhecimentos na preparação para a alta do internamento. A primeira, treino com orientações e demonstração de procedimentos do campo da ciência de enfermagem. A segunda, observação livre dos cuidados prestados pelos profissionais de saúde. Houve cuidadores que não receberam instruções, demonstrando limitação na preparação para a alta. Conclusão: Viver com gastrostomia mobiliza a família para cuidados seguros, dependentes de conhecimentos de enfermagem. Os enfermeiros precisam atentar para às necessidades dos familiares, na continuidade do cuidar em casa.

Abstract Background: Family caregivers' information on caring for a child's gastrostomy at home. Objective: To analyze family caregivers' access to pediatric gastrostomy home care education. Methodology: This study used an arts-based creative research method (Dinâmica Corpo-Saber do Método Criativo Sensível) with ten family members of hospitalized infants and preschool-aged children. The study was conducted between June and December 2019 in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lexical analysis was performed using the IRAMUTEQ® software. Results: Family caregivers had access to two sources of information to prepare for their children's hospital discharge. The first was the education received through nurses' guidance and demonstration of procedures. The second was the caregivers' observation of health professionals' care delivery to their children. Some family caregivers received no guidance, showing limitations in discharge preparation. Conclusion: Families of children fed via gastrotomy tube must be mobilized to deliver safe care based on nursing knowledge. Nurses must consider family members' needs regarding the continuity of care at home.

Resumen Marco contextual: Conocimiento de los cuidadores familiares sobre la gestión de los cuidados de los niños con gastrostomía en el proceso de asistencia. Objetivo: Analizar el acceso de los cuidadores familiares a los conocimientos sobre cómo cuidar a los niños con gastrostomía en casa. Metodología: Aplicada la dinámica cuerpo-conocimiento del método creativo sensible, con 10 familiares de lactantes y preescolares hospitalizados. Estudio realizado entre junio y diciembre de 2019 en un hospital público de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se utilizó el análisis léxico, del software Iramuteq®. Resultados: Los cuidadores accedieron a dos fuentes de conocimiento en la preparación del alta hospitalaria. La primera, la formación con directrices y demostración de procedimientos en el campo de la ciencia enfermera. La segunda, la observación libre de los cuidados prestados por los profesionales sanitarios. Hubo cuidadores que no recibieron instrucciones y mostraron limitaciones en la preparación para el alta. Conclusión: Vivir con una gastrostomía moviliza a la familia para conseguir unos cuidados seguros, basados en los conocimientos de enfermería. Los enfermeros deben prestar atención a las necesidades de los familiares dentro de la continuidad de los cuidados en el domicilio.

Family caregivers' itineraries of preschool children who survived leukemia: implications for primary healthcare nursing.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the path taken by family caregivers of preschool children who survived leukemia and discuss the implications for primary healthcare nursing. METHODS: the narrative interview guided by a talking map and body knowledge was used with family members of children who survived leukemia, living in Rio de Janeiro (capital) and São Paulo (countryside). Conversation analysis was applied to the data. RESULTS: five family groups (seven people) of five children started their journey in the professional subsystem of private services; four were assisted in the private sector since the onset of the illness; one was assisted in public and private services. Living conditions reduced barriers to accessing supplementary health, facilitating coordination, and listening to a reference professional. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the itinerary was marked by attentive listening to family caregivers by reference professionals, favoring early diagnosis, initiation of treatment, and resolution of leukemia with the cure of children.

Potencial de comunidades virtuais como espaço de comunicação de enfermeira(o)s sobre câncer infantil: estudo qualitativo / The potential of virtual communities as a nurse's communication space on child cancer: qualitative study

OBJETIVO: analisar as potencialidades de comunidades virtuais de familiares de crianças com câncer como espaço de comunicação, na perspectiva de enfermeira(o)s. MÉTODO: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com o Método Criativo Sensível e um diário de campo virtual. Participaram três a quatro pessoas, em cada grupo, totalizando nove enfermeira(o)s com especialização em pediatria e oncologia. Os dados foram tratados com a análise temática. RESULTADOS: na ressignificação se reconhecem as comunidades virtuais como potentes espaços de diálogo com familiares de crianças com câncer, no compartilhamento de experiências pelas relações interpessoais de confiança e criação de vínculo. Essas comunidades são mais frequentadas por mulheres do que homens, que buscam informação, acolhimento, apoio e motivação para enfrentar o adoecimento da criança. CONCLUSÃO: as comunidades virtuais representam novos espaços de educação em saúde, onde enfermeira(o)s educadora(e)s podem advogar em favor do melhor interesse de crianças, provendo a família com informações qualificadas e eticamente responsáveis.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the potential of virtual communities of relatives of children with cancer as a communication space from the nurse's perspective. METHOD: qualitative research developed with the Creative Sensitive Method and a virtual field Journal. Three to four people participated in each group, totaling nine nurses specializing in pediatrics and oncology. The data were treated with thematic analysis. RESULTS: in the resignification, virtual communities are recognized as powerful spaces for dialog with relatives of children with cancer, sharing experiences through interpersonal relationships of trust and bond creation. These communities are more frequented by women than men, who seek information, acceptance, support, and motivation to face the child's illness. CONCLUSION: virtual communities represent new areas of health education where nurse(s) educator(s) can advocate for the best interest of children by providing the family with qualified and ethically responsible information.

Family caregivers' itineraries of preschool children who survived leukemia: implications for primary healthcare nursing / Itinerario de cuidadores familiares de preescolares sobrevivientes de leucemia: implicaciones para la enfermería de atención primaria / Itinerário de familiares cuidadores de pré-escolares sobreviventes de leucemia: implicações para enfermagem da atenção primária

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the path taken by family caregivers of preschool children who survived leukemia and discuss the implications for primary healthcare nursing. Methods: the narrative interview guided by a talking map and body knowledge was used with family members of children who survived leukemia, living in Rio de Janeiro (capital) and São Paulo (countryside). Conversation analysis was applied to the data. Results: five family groups (seven people) of five children started their journey in the professional subsystem of private services; four were assisted in the private sector since the onset of the illness; one was assisted in public and private services. Living conditions reduced barriers to accessing supplementary health, facilitating coordination, and listening to a reference professional. Final Considerations: the itinerary was marked by attentive listening to family caregivers by reference professionals, favoring early diagnosis, initiation of treatment, and resolution of leukemia with the cure of children.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el camino recorrido por los cuidadores familiares de preescolares que sobrevivieron a la leucemia y discutir las implicaciones para la enfermería en la atención primaria. Métodos: se utilizó una entrevista narrativa guiada por el mapa del habla y el cuerpo de conocimiento con familiares de niños que sobrevivieron a la leucemia, residentes en Río de Janeiro (capital) y São Paulo (interior). Se aplicó el análisis de conversación a los datos. Resultados: cinco familias (siete personas) de cinco hijos iniciaron su andadura en el subsistema profesional de servicios privados; cuatro fueron atendidos en el sector privado desde el inicio de la enfermedad; uno fue asistido en servicios públicos y privados. Las condiciones de vida redujeron las barreras para acceder a la salud complementaria, facilitando la coordinación y la escucha de un profesional de referencia. Consideraciones Finales: el itinerario estuvo marcado por la escucha atenta de los familiares cuidadores por parte del profesional de referencia, favoreciendo el diagnóstico precoz, inicio del tratamiento y resolución de la leucemia con la curación del niño.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o itinerário percorrido por familiares cuidadores de crianças pré-escolares sobreviventes da leucemia e discutir as implicações para enfermagem da atenção primária. Métodos: empregou-se a entrevista narrativa orientada pelo mapa falante e corpo saber com familiares de crianças sobreviventes de leucemia, residentes no Rio de Janeiro (capital) e São Paulo (interior). Aplicou-se a análise de conversação aos dados. Resultados: cinco núcleos familiares (sete pessoas) de cinco crianças iniciaram seu itinerário no subsistema profissional dos serviços privados; quatro foram assistidas no setor privado desde o início do adoecimento; uma foi assistida em serviços público e privado. As condições de vida reduziram barreiras de acesso à saúde suplementar, facilitando a coordenação e a escuta de um profissional de referência. Considerações Finais: o itinerário foi marcado por escuta atenta de familiares cuidadores pelo profissional de referência, favorecendo o diagnóstico precoce, início do tratamento e resolutividade da leucemia com a cura da criança.

Crianças hospitalizadas com necessidades de saúde especiais complexas: estudo de casos múltiplos / Infantes hospitalizados con necesidades de salud especiales complejas: estudio de casos múltiples / Hospitalized children with complex special healthcare needs: multiple case studies

Resumo Objetivo Descrever os casos clinicamente complexos de crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais em hospitalização contínua e analisar a natureza das demandas de cuidados clinicamente complexos durante a hospitalização. Métodos Estudo de casos múltiplos de três crianças clinicamente complexas hospitalizadas. A coleta de dados ocorreu, entre janeiro e março de 2020, em prontuário, na observação de cuidados e interação espontânea registrada em diário de campo e entrevista. Participaram sete pessoas, sendo dois familiares, três técnicos de enfermagem e duas enfermeiras. Aplicou-se a análise temática, orientando-se pela tipologia de demandas de cuidados de crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais e classificação de Collière. Resultados Os casos de meninas e menino, com três, dez e 11 anos de idade, e tempo de internação de 4 meses a 6 anos, geraram linhas de convergências com as demandas de cuidados de crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais, proporcionando sobrevivência, bem-estar e conforto. Desses casos extraíram-se demandas contínuas e complexas de cuidados de estimulação, apaziguamento, confortação e parecer convergentes com o de desenvolvimento e habituais modificados (banho, arrumar-se, alimentação e mobilidade); os cuidados de compensação, no manejo de tecnologias corporais e a administração de medicamentos de uso contínuo, convergiram para demandas de cuidados tecnológicos e medicamentosos Conclusão A necessidade de sobrevivência, determinada pela natureza clinicamente complexa da criança, direciona a prioridade dos cuidados no uso contínuo de múltiplos medicamentos e manejo de tecnologias, na segurança do ambiente hospitalar. Embora essenciais, precisa-se contemplar as outras demandas de cuidados de desenvolvimento e social integrando-as às clinicamente complexas.

Resumen Objetivo Describir los casos clínicamente complejos de infantes con necesidades de salud especiales en hospitalización continua y analizar la naturaleza de las demandas de cuidados clínicamente complejos durante la hospitalización. Métodos Estudio de casos múltiples de tres infantes hospitalizados clínicamente complejos. La recopilación de datos se realizó de enero a marzo de 2020, en la historia clínica, en la observación de cuidados e interacción espontánea registrada en un diario de campo y en entrevista. Participaron siete personas, de las cuales dos eran familiares, tres técnicos de enfermería y dos enfermeras. Se aplicó el análisis temático, orientándose por la tipología de demandas de cuidados de infantes con necesidades de salud especiales y clasificación de Collière. Resultados Los casos de las niñas y el niño, de 3, 10 y 11 años, entre 4 meses y 6 años de tiempo de internación, generaron líneas convergentes con las demandas de cuidados de infantes con necesidades de salud especiales, donde se proporciona supervivencia, bienestar y consuelo. De estos casos se observaron demandas continuas y complejas de cuidados de estimulación, apaciguamiento, consuelo y opinión convergentes con los del desarrollo y los habituales modificados (baño, arreglarse, alimentación y movilidad); los cuidados de compensación, con el manejo de tecnologías corporales y la administración de medicamentos de uso continuo, convergieron en las demandas de cuidados tecnológicos y medicamentosos. Conclusión La necesidad de supervivencia, determinada por la naturaleza clínicamente compleja del infante, direcciona la prioridad de los cuidados en el uso continuo de múltiples medicamentos y en el manejo de tecnologías para la seguridad del ambiente hospitalario. Aunque sean esenciales, es necesario contemplar otras demandas de cuidados de desarrollo y sociales e integrarlas a las clínicamente complejas.

Abstract Objective To describe the medically complex cases of children with special healthcare needs in continuous hospitalization and to analyze the nature of medically complex care demands during hospitalization. Methods This is a multiple case study of three hospitalized medically complex children. Data collection occurred between January and March 2020 in the medical records in the observation of care and spontaneous interaction documented in a fieldwork note and interview. Seven people participated, two family members, three nursing technicians, and two nurses. Thematic analysis was applied, guided by the typologies of Collière's care and the demands of children with special healthcare needs. Results The cases included girls and a boy aged three, ten, and 11 years, and hospitalization time from 4 months to 6 years. They all generated lines of convergence with the care demands of children with special healthcare needs, providing survival, well-being, and comfort. These cases extracted continuous and complex care demands of stimulation, pacification, and comfort; and seemed convergent with developmental and modified daily life activities (bath, grooming, feed, and mobility) care. Compensating care in managing bodily technologies and administering continuous-use medication converged with demands for technological and medication care. Conclusion The need for survival, determined by children's medically complex nature, directs the priority of care to the continuous use of multiple medications, the management of technologies, and the safety of hospital environments. Although essential, it is necessary to consider the other developmental and social care demands, integrating them with the medically complex ones.

Curta-metragem sobre revelação do HIV à criança: avaliação de uma estratégia de letramento em saúde / Short film on HIV disclosure to children: assessing a health literacy strategy / Cortometraje sobre revelación del VIH a niños: evaluación de una estrategia de alfabetización en salud

Objetivo: avaliar o potencial do curta-metragem "Nossas Histórias", sobre o preparo dos familiares da criança com HIV no processo de revelação, como estratégia de letramento em saúde. Método: estudo com método misto, implementado com a escala do tipo Likert e o método da roda. Participaram 28 enfermeiros de três regiões do Brasil em 2018. Foram realizadas análise estatística com índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) superior a 0,80 e análise temática. Resultados: após análise, obteve-se IVC=0.89 no título; IVC=0.84 na sala de espera, IVC=0.94 na consulta de enfermagem; e média de 0.94 personagens e 0.89 consulta de enfermagem no desenvolvimento da história. Pontos positivos do curta-metragem foram: diversidade, o tempo e a estética agradável. Conclusão: avaliou-se que o conteúdo do curta-metragem é uma inovação estratégica com potencial de letramento em saúde e de aplicação em consultas de enfermagem no cuidado de advocacia da criança com HIV.

Objective: to evaluate the potential of the short film Nossas Histórias [Our Stories] about preparing family members of children with HIV in the disclosure process, as a health literacy strategy. Method: this mixed-method study of twenty-eight nurses from three regions of Brazil was conducted in 2018 using a Likert-type scale and the wheel method. Statistical analysis (with content validity index greater than 0.80) and thematic analysis were performed. Results: Analysis returned CVI = 0.89 in the title; CVI = 0.84 in the waiting room, CVI = 0.94 in the nursing appointment; and averages of 0.94 characters and 0.89 nursing consultation in the development of the story. Positive points of the short film were its diversity, time and pleasant aesthetics. Conclusion: the short film's content was found to be a strategic innovation with potential for health literacy and application in nursing consultations in advocacy care for children with HIV.

Objetivo: evaluar el potencial del cortometraje "Nossas Histórias", sobre la preparación de familiares de niños con VIH en el proceso de revelación, como estrategia de alfabetización en salud. Método: Estudio de método mixto, implementado con una escala tipo Likert y el método de la rueda. Participaron 28 enfermeros de tres regiones de Brasil en 2018. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos con índice de validez de contenido (IVC) superior a 0,80 y análisis temático. Resultados: Después del análisis, se obtuvo IVC=0,89 en el título; IVC=0,84 en la sala de espera, IVC=0,94 en la consulta de enfermería; y promedio de 0,94 personajes y 0,89 consulta de enfermería en el desarrollo del cuento. Los puntos positivos del cortometraje fueron: diversidad, tiempo y estética agradable. Conclusión: se evaluó que el contenido del cortometraje es una innovación estratégica con potencial para la alfabetización en salud y aplicación en consultas de enfermería en la defensa de los derechos del niño con VIH.

Prevalence of children with special healthcare needs: An epidemiological survey in Brazil.

PURPOSE: We aimed to estimate the prevalence and delineate the profile of children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) in the three municipalities of Brazil's southern and southeastern regions from 2015 to 2017. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 6853 children aged 0-11 years. Participants were selected through complex sampling in 32 primary healthcare units. The Brazilian version of the Children with Special Healthcare Needs Screener© and a questionnaire were used to identify sociodemographic and family characteristics, health status, and health services utilization. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between family and child characteristics and prevalence (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of CSHCN was 25.3% (95% confidence interval: 21.0-30.0). Most participants required health services or were on long-term medication for a current chronic condition; approximately 53% of CSHCN had no formally recorded diagnoses. The most frequent health problems were respiratory conditions, asthma, and allergies. Approximately 60% of the CSHCN patients underwent follow-up examinations of the specialties pneumology, pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology, speech therapy, neurology, and psychology. Children of school age, of male sex, with premature birth, with a history of recurrent hospitalization, from non-nuclear families, and from underprivileged social classes were identified as risk factors for classification as CSHCN. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: These results contribute to the unprecedented mapping of these children in healthcare networks in Brazil. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of CSHCN in medium and large municipalities in the southern and southeastern regions was associated with the child's previous health conditions and family structure.

Nurses' patterns of knowing about HIV disclosure to children.

OBJECTIVES: to identify and analyze nurses' patterns of knowing and experiences with the preparation of families for disclosure to children living with HIV seropositivity. METHODS: thirteen pediatric nurses from Rio de Janeiro participated in the research using the sensitive creative method. Data were treated with Orlandi's discourse analysis and Carper's patterns of knowing. RESULTS: nurses' speeches revealed socioculturally constructed imaginary and ideological formations. The personal pattern of knowing, under the influence of negative media about the disease in the 1980s, generated stigma and prejudice. Empirical, esthetic, and ethical patterns were built on training and professional practice of the 1990s-2010s. They composed a context of (in)security about competence, to contribute to preparing families to disclose HIV to children. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: nurses' experience demonstrates knowledge to intervene and many challenges for their practical appropriation.

Nurses' Views on How to Best Design a Program to Prevent Adolescents' Anxiety in the Perioperative Period. A Qualitative Study.

PURPOSE: To describe the nurses' views for consideration when designing a program to prevent adolescents' anxiety in the perioperative period. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive case study using focus group and thematic analysis was conducted. METHODS: Three face-to-face focus group interviews were conducted in October and November 2019 in the pediatric department of a university hospital. A purposive criterion method was applied to achieve a sample of 19 pediatric nurse specialists. Data were organized and systematized in the professional software for qualitative and mixed methods data analysis software (MAXQDA) and treated through the thematic analysis method. The COREQ checklist was used to report data collection, analysis, and results. FINDINGS: Four major themes and 14 subthemes regarding the perioperative period were generated. The first, adolescent evaluation, included the knowledge evaluation about procedures, signs and symptoms, and desire to be engaged in care. The second, caring adolescents and parents, means that nurses must be ready to care for both, use the opportunities to implement the nursing interventions, and manage physical teen space to accommodate adolescents in the ward. The third, nurses' challenges in the perioperative period, comprise the lack of time and trained nurses to work with adolescents, and the absence of prior adolescents' preparation and postoperative feedback. The fourth, nursing consultation, consists in promoting interdisciplinarity, developing the nursing interventions, and the main content to be included in the program's design. CONCLUSIONS: Given the challenges experienced by nurses when caring for adolescents in the perioperative period, nurses suggested a systematized assessment of the adolescent at an early stage of the perioperative caring process. Added to this is the nurse's readiness for the adolescent and parents, as well as the existence of trained nurses to evaluate adolescents and to implement non-pharmacological interventions in the perioperative period. A nursing consultation emerges as the most suitable solution to include in a program to prepare adolescents for the surgical procedure and help them to manage anxiety. This kind of intervention should begin in the preoperative period, preferably after the decision on the need for the procedure.

Participation of adolescents from the Quilombola community in the creation of an educational game about alcohol consumption.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and discuss the participation of adolescents from a quilombola community in the transformation of the comic "Possible Story" ("Uma História Possível"), from the Comic on alcohol, into an educational game. METHOD: Implementation of the creative and sensitive method of art-based research, with adolescents from a quilombola community in the state of Espírito Santo, for the development of a board game. RESULTS: The democratic and interactive space favored the problematization of images and narratives about alcohol consumption mediated in the comic book. The group selected scenes, reordered the story, devised questions and riddles, formulated true and false assertions in a 17-card composition of the board game. The potential of the game as a content mediating tool to promote learning, reinforcement, and fixation of scientific content was evaluated. CONCLUSION: The active and dynamic participation of adolescents took place from conception to evaluation of the board game, encouraging them to reflect on a community context of cultural permissiveness of alcohol use.

Nurses' patterns of knowing about HIV disclosure to children / Patrones de conocer de los enfermeros sobre la revelación del VIH a los niños / Padrões do conhecer de enfermeiras sobre revelação do HIV à criança

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify and analyze nurses' patterns of knowing and experiences with the preparation of families for disclosure to children living with HIV seropositivity. Methods: thirteen pediatric nurses from Rio de Janeiro participated in the research using the sensitive creative method. Data were treated with Orlandi's discourse analysis and Carper's patterns of knowing. Results: nurses' speeches revealed socioculturally constructed imaginary and ideological formations. The personal pattern of knowing, under the influence of negative media about the disease in the 1980s, generated stigma and prejudice. Empirical, esthetic, and ethical patterns were built on training and professional practice of the 1990s-2010s. They composed a context of (in)security about competence, to contribute to preparing families to disclose HIV to children. Final Considerations: nurses' experience demonstrates knowledge to intervene and many challenges for their practical appropriation.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar y analizar los patrones de conocer y las experiencias de enfermeros con la preparación de familiares para la revelación al niño que vive con VIH seropositivo. Métodos: 13 enfermeros pediátricos de Rio de Janeiro participaron de la investigación utilizando el método sensitivo creativo. Los datos fueron tratados con el análisis del discurso de Orlandi y los patrones de conocer de Carper. Resultados: los discursos de las enfermeras revelaron formaciones imaginarias e ideológicas construidas socioculturalmente. El patrón de conocer a las personas, bajo la influencia de los medios negativos sobre la enfermedad en la década de 1980, generó estigma y prejuicio. Los estándares empíricos, estéticos y éticos se construyeron sobre la formación y la práctica profesional desde la década de 1990 hasta la de 2010. Compusieron un contexto de (in)seguridad sobre la competencia, para contribuir a la preparación de los familiares para la revelación del VIH al niño. Consideraciones Finales: la experiencia de los enfermeros demuestra saberes para intervenir y muchos desafíos para su apropiación práctica.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar e analisar os padrões do conhecer e as experiências de enfermeiras com a preparação de familiares para a revelação à criança que (con)vive com a soropositividade pelo HIV. Métodos: 13 enfermeiras pediátricas do Rio de Janeiro participaram da pesquisa com o método criativo sensível. Dados foram tratados com análise de discurso de Orlandi e padrões do conhecer de Carper. Resultados: os discursos das enfermeiras revelaram formações imaginárias e ideológicas socioculturalmente construídas. O padrão de conhecer pessoal, sob influência da mídia negativa da doença na década de 1980, gerou estigma e preconceito. Os padrões empírico, estético e ético foram construídos nas capacitações e prática profissional das décadas de 1990-2010. Eles compuseram um contexto de (in)segurança sobre a competência, para contribuir na preparação de familiares para a revelação do HIV à criança. Considerações Finais: a experiência das enfermeiras demonstra conhecimentos para intervir e muitos desafios para sua apropriação prática.

Participation of adolescents from the Quilombola community in the creation of an educational game about alcohol consumption / Participación de adolescentes de comunidad Quilombola en la creación de juego educativo sobre consumo de alcohol / Participação de adolescentes de comunidade Quilombola na criação de jogo educativo sobre o consumo de álcool

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and discuss the participation of adolescents from a quilombola community in the transformation of the comic "Possible Story" ("Uma História Possível"), from the Comic on alcohol, into an educational game. Method: Implementation of the creative and sensitive method of art-based research, with adolescents from a quilombola community in the state of Espírito Santo, for the development of a board game. Results: The democratic and interactive space favored the problematization of images and narratives about alcohol consumption mediated in the comic book. The group selected scenes, reordered the story, devised questions and riddles, formulated true and false assertions in a 17-card composition of the board game. The potential of the game as a content mediating tool to promote learning, reinforcement, and fixation of scientific content was evaluated. Conclusion: The active and dynamic participation of adolescents took place from conception to evaluation of the board game, encouraging them to reflect on a community context of cultural permissiveness of alcohol use.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir y discutir la participación de adolescentes de una comunidad quilombola en la transformación de cómics de "Una Historia Posible" (Uma História Possível), del Almanaque sobre alcohol en juego educativo. Método: Implementación del método creativo y sensible de investigación basada en arte, con adolescentes de una comunidad quilombola de Espírito Santo, Brasil, en el desarrollo de un juego de mesa. Resultados: El espacio democrático e interactivo favoreció la problematización de imágenes y narrativas sobre el consumo de alcohol mediado en los cómics. El grupo seleccionó escenas, reordenó la historia, elaboró preguntas y charadas, formuló aserciones de mito o verdad en una composición de 17 fichas del juego de mesa. Se evaluó el potencial del juego como herramienta mediadora de contenido para promover el aprendizaje, el repaso y la memorización de contenidos científicos. Conclusión: La participación activa y dinámica de adolescentes ocurrió desde la concepción hasta la evaluación del juego de mesa, estimulándolos a la reflexión sobre un contexto comunitario de permisividad cultural de uso del alcohol.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever e discutir a participação de adolescentes de uma comunidade quilombola na transformação de quadrinhos de "Uma História Possível", do Almanaque sobre o álcool, em jogo educativo. Método: Implementação do método criativo e sensível de pesquisa baseada em arte, com adolescentes de uma comunidade quilombola do Espírito Santo, no desenvolvimento de um jogo de tabuleiro. Resultados: O espaço democrático e interativo favoreceu a problematização de imagens e narrativas sobre o consumo de álcool mediadas na história em quadrinhos. O grupo selecionou cenas, reordenou a história, elaborou perguntas e charadas, formulou asserções de verdadeiro e falso numa S composição de 17 cartas do jogo de tabuleiro. Avaliou-se o potencial do jogo como ferramenta mediadora de conteúdo para promover a aprendizagem, o reforço e fixação de conteúdos científicos. Conclusão: A participação ativa e dinâmica de adolescentes deu-se desde a concepção até a avaliação do jogo de tabuleiro, estimulando-os à reflexão sobre um contexto comunitário de permissividade cultural de uso do álcool.

Análise ética dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde de crianças e adolescentes / An ethical analysis of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of children and adolescents / Análisis ético acerca dos impactos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud de niños y adolescentes

A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe impactos significativos para a vida de crianças e adolescentes em todo o mundo. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi examinar como as crianças e os adolescentes no Brasil foram impactados pela pandemia à luz de uma análise ética. Para tanto, uma análise interpretativa de estudos brasileiros sobre a saúde da criança e do adolescente durante a pandemia foi realizada. A tarefa de reconhecer essa dimensão ética é importante para entender como as respostas a situações de crise, tais como a presente situação da pandemia de COVID-19, podem ser moldadas e identificar quais as prioridades de ação de acordo com todas as partes interessadas, situando a criança entre essas partes de interesse. A análise demonstrou que tanto os efeitos diretos quanto os indiretos implicam em processos de tomada de decisão que precisam utilizar e sustentar o direito de participação da criança para que a ação tomada esteja o máximo possível focada nos melhores interesses da criança. Contudo, a realidade brasileira tem demonstrado uma exclusão estrutural das vozes infantis. Recomenda-se que mais estudos sejam conduzidos a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os melhores interesses das crianças e sua participação nas ações tomadas durante a pandemia

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and adolescents around the world. This article aims to examine how the pandemic has impacted children and adolescents in Brazil using an ethical analysis. An interpretive analysis of Brazilian studies on child and adolescent health during the pandemic was conducted. The task of recognizing this ethical dimension is important to understand how responses to crisis situations, such as the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, can be shaped and where are the priorities for action according to all stakeholders, situating the child between these parts of interest. Our analysis highlighted both direct and indirect effects surrounding the decision-making processes for children in the COVID-19 pandemic reality. These decisional processes must sustain the child's right to participation to ascertain that the action taken is in the child's best interests. However, Brazilian reality has shown a structural exclusion of children's voices in decisions that affect them, particularly related to the effects of the pandemics in their lives. More studies must be conducted to deepen the knowledge about children's best interests and their participation in actions planning during the pandemic

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado las vidas de niños y adolescentes de todo el mundo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar cómo la pandemia ha afectado a los niños y adolescentes en Brasil mediante un análisis ético. Se realizó un análisis interpretativo de los estudios brasileños sobre salud del niño y del adolescente durante la pandemia. La tarea de reconocer esta dimensión ética es importante para entender cómo las respuestas a situaciones de crisis, como la situación actual de la pandemia COVID-19, pueden configurarse y dónde están las prioridades de acción según todos los actores, situando al niño entre estas partes. de interés. Estos procesos de decisión deben sustentar el derecho del niño a la participación para asegurarse de que las medidas tomadas respondan al interés superior del niño. Sin embargo, la realidad brasileña ha mostrado una exclusión estructural de las voces de los niños en las decisiones que los afectan, particularmente en relación con los efectos de las pandemias en sus vidas. Se deben realizar más estudios para profundizar el conocimiento sobre el interés superior de los niños y su participación en la planificación de acciones durante la pandemia

Crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais em um serviço de pronto atendimento pediátrico: estudo transversal / Children with special health care needs in a pediatric emergency service: a cross-sectional study / Niños con necesidades especiales de salud en un servicio de urgencias pediátricas: estudio transversal

Objetivos: rastrear crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais em um serviço de pronto atendimento pediátrico e analisar suas demandas de cuidado. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido de março a junho de 2019, em serviço hospitalar de emergência infantil, no município de Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Aplicaram-se a versão brasileira do Children with Special Health Care Needs Screener (CSHCN Screener®) e o instrumento caracterizador de demandas com familiares cuidadores de crianças. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados: crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais corresponderam a 5,1%, dentre 235 famílias rastreadas. Os principais domínios de necessidades de saúde foram maior utilização de serviços e dependência de medicamentos. Dentre as demandas de cuidados, destacaram-se os cuidados habituais modificados. Conclusão: as seis demandas de cuidados foram identificadas entre as crianças rastreadas. Recomenda-se a adoção do CSHCN Screener® para ampliar a visibilidade e indicar estratégias assistenciais a esse grupo populacional.

Objectives: to screen children with special health needs in a pediatric emergency service and analyze their care demands. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out from March to June 2019, in a children's emergency hospital service, in the municipality of Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the Children with Special Health Care Needs Screener (CSHCN Screener®) and the instrument characterizing demands with family caregivers of children were applied. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: children with special health needs corresponded to 5.1% of the 235 families screened. The main domains of health needs were greater use of services and dependence on medicines. Among the care demands, the modified usual care stood out. Bottom line: the six care demands were identified among the screened children. The adoption of the CSHCN Screener® is recommended to increase visibility and indicate assistance strategies for this population group.

Objetivos: buscar los niños con necesidades especiales de salud en un servicio de urgencias pediátricas y analizar sus demandas de cuidado. Método: estudio transversal, conducido de marzo a junio de 2019, en un servicio de emergencia hospitalaria infantil, en el ayuntamiento de Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Se aplicó la versión brasileña del Children with Special Health Care Needs Screener (CSHCN Screener®) y el instrumento de caracterización de demandas con parientes que cuidan a sus niños. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los niños con necesidades especiales de salud correspondieron al 5,1% de las 235 familias procuradas. Los principales dominios de las necesidades de salud fueron el mayor uso de los servicios y la dependencia de medicamentos. Entre las demandas de cuidado, se destacaron los cuidados habituales alterados. Conclusión: las seis demandas de cuidado fueron identificadas entre los niños evaluados. Se recomienda la adopción del CSHCN Screener® para aumentar la visibilidad e indicar estrategias de atención a este grupo poblacional.

Pregnant women's contribution in the construction and evaluation of an educational technology: the "Comics for Pregnant Women".

OBJECTIVES: to describe the contribution of pregnant women to the construction and evaluation of educational technology. METHODS: a participatory study developed in three stages, which occurred between March 2018 and June 2019 for identifying the content, construction, and evaluation of the comic. Non-directive interviews were conducted in educational groups with 34 pregnant women. After the comic was built by a team, including a designer, an instrument was applied to 41 pregnant women to evaluate the items Objectives, Organization, Writing style, Appearance, and Motivation. RESULTS: the comic contains 40 pages of contents, illustrations, and quizzes (word search, cross-puzzle, seven mistakes, etc). The pregnant women evaluated it as easy to understand, self-explanatory, aesthetically attractive, and capable of motivating good care practices during pregnancy, obtaining a minimum agreement of 92.1%. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the innovation of the educational technology consisted of incorporating the voices of pregnant women in prenatal care, with the potential to stimulate reflections and the learning process of this target audience.

Child health vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and Portugal.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the vulnerabilities of children in the access to primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and Portugal. METHOD: documentary study based on Brazilian and Portuguese governmental guidelines issued between March and August 2020 regarding access of children to primary health care. Thematic analysis was based on the precepts of health vulnerability. RESULTS: 13 documents were issued in both countries addressing access to vaccination and childcare. Due to the SARS-CoV-2, restrictions were imposed on the circulation of people in social environments, health services, and social protection, decreasing the demand for health services. Both countries continued programs to promote the health of breastfeeding infants. In-person childcare consultations were suspended for low-risk children in both countries. Portugal maintained routine vaccination while Brazil interrupted vaccination in the first 15 days of the pandemic. The countries adopted remote care strategies - telemonitoring, teleconsultation, and mobile applications - to maintain the bond between children and health services. CONCLUSION: longitudinality was affected due to restricted access of children to health promotion actions, determining greater programmatic vulnerability. Individual vulnerabilities are related to exposure to preventable and primary health care-sensitive diseases.

Neuman Systems Model in perioperative nursing care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: To implement the nursing process, based on the Neuman Systems Model and the International Classification of Nursing Practice terminology, in the care of an adolescent who underwent corrective surgery for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. METHOD: This is a qualitative study of the type of single case, with triangulation of data collection techniques (formal clinical interview, notes in a field diary and medical record information), developed with a 17-year-old adolescent and indication for corrective surgery. The empirical materials generated with the interviews carried out at admission and at discharge, observation and medical record information were treated with categorical content analysis. RESULTS: The categories of personal condition, anxiety, selfconcept, meaningful people, facilitating health resources, school, free time and leisure were recurrent. Diagnoses were defined with a focus on Anxiety, Knowledge on pain management (control) and Willingness (or readiness) to learn, associating them with the respective nursing interventions. CONCLUSION: The Model contributed to assess and recognize surgery stressors for the adolescent and to theoretically base the nursing process. The classification allowed systematizing nursing care records, elements of clinical practice, unifying vocabulary and codes.

Participatory health education on school (re)inclusion of the adolescent cancer survivor.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze school (re)inclusion of an adolescent cancer survivor before/after participatory health education with adolescents. METHODS: qualitative and participatory research that included data from the medical record of an adolescent rhabdomyosarcoma survivor and Talking Map dynamics (to diagnose the demand for learning and assess changes). The body-knowledge dynamics were applied in the educational intervention. In a public school in Rio de Janeiro, the adolescent (reference case) and nine people (four teachers and five teenagers) generated empirical materials, which became the content analysis objects. RESULTS: strangeness to changes in an adolescent cancer survivor's body image, bullying, and acceptance were problematized in educational body-knowledge dynamics through relationships between changes and barriers to welcoming. The participatory educational process was essential in raising awareness by promoting re-inclusive actions. CONCLUSIONS: participatory-problematizing education contributed to constructing a new collective identity and improvement in school interaction among peers.